{"id":9472,"date":"2016-10-28T10:19:00","date_gmt":"2016-10-28T08:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=9472"},"modified":"2022-10-28T10:33:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-28T08:33:41","slug":"actu-jurisprudence-perte-de-chance-de-participer-aux-jo-un-prejudice-indemnisable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=9472","title":{"rendered":"ACTU | JURISPRUDENCE – \u00ab\u00a0PERTE DE CHANCE DE PARTICIPER AUX JO : UN PREJUDICE INDEMNISABLE\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Pour un sportif, qu\u2019il soit un jeune en devenir ou un athl\u00e8te dont la carri\u00e8re a d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien d\u00e9but\u00e9, la poursuite de son activit\u00e9 au plus haut niveau est toujours incertaine. Dans toutes les disciplines, la concurrence est tr\u00e8s importante et le risque d\u2019une blessure omnipr\u00e9sent. C\u2019est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 difficile \u00e0 appr\u00e9hender pour le juge saisi de demandes d\u2019indemnisation du dommage corporel subi par des sportifs dont l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 permanente cons\u00e9cutive \u00e0 un accident \u00e9teint toute perspective de briller au plus haut niveau. Les r\u00eaves bris\u00e9s sont-ils indemnisables ? Comment chiffrer l\u2019incidence de performances sportives simplement hypoth\u00e9tiques au moment de l\u2019accident, mais dont la r\u00e9alisation aurait permis \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e9 de tutoyer les sommets ? L\u2019arr\u00eat de la deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile du 25 mai 2022, publi\u00e9 au Bulletin, illustre ces difficult\u00e9s, autant qu\u2019il contribue \u00e0 apporter certains \u00e9claircissements. Un athl\u00e8te professionnel renvers\u00e9 par une moto, dont le conducteur n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9, saisit la CIVI d\u2019une demande d\u2019indemnisation, notamment, de son \u00ab pr\u00e9judice exceptionnel de renonciation \u00e0 un \u201cm\u00e9tier passion\u201d \u00bb et de la \u00ab perte de chance d\u2019\u00eatre s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 et de participer aux Jeux olympiques \u00bb. Au contraire du second, le premier poste de pr\u00e9judice n\u2019est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme indemnisable. Le recours \u00e0 la qualification de \u00ab pr\u00e9judice exceptionnel \u00bb ne justifie pas toutes les entorses \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorisation traditionnelle des postes de pr\u00e9judice. En revanche, la notion de perte de chance permet d\u2019int\u00e9grer, au sein des pr\u00e9judices indemnisables, l\u2019al\u00e9a inh\u00e9rent \u00e0 toute carri\u00e8re sportive.<\/p>

Les pr\u00e9judices sportifs exceptionnels indemnisables <\/strong><\/h4>

Le recours \u00e0 la notion de \u00ab pr\u00e9judice exceptionnel \u00bb par la victime de dommage corporel est courant afin d\u2019\u00e9chapper \u00e0 la rigueur de la cat\u00e9gorisation des pr\u00e9judices issue de la nomenclature Dintilhac. Tant\u00f4t il s\u2019agit de chercher \u00e0 obtenir davantage d\u2019indemnisation au titre d\u2019un pr\u00e9judice d\u00e9j\u00e0 appr\u00e9hend\u00e9 dans un autre poste ; tant\u00f4t il s\u2019agit r\u00e9ellement d\u2019un pr\u00e9judice aucunement couvert par les cat\u00e9gories existantes.
\u00c0 ce titre, le pr\u00e9judice exceptionnel r\u00e9sultant \u00ab de la renonciation \u00e0 exercer un \u201cm\u00e9tier passion\u201d \u00bb pr\u00e9sente un caract\u00e8re patrimonial. Pour la Cour, il est d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9par\u00e9 au titre des pertes de gains professionnels et de l\u2019incidence professionnelle. Dans sa dimension extra-patrimoniale, il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00ab que la r\u00e9paration du retentissement psychologique et psychiatrique de l\u2019abandon forc\u00e9 de sa carri\u00e8re sportive est assur\u00e9e au travers de l\u2019indemnisation du d\u00e9ficit permanent \u00bb. Les efforts faits par la victime pour d\u00e9montrer l\u2019existence d\u2019un \u00ab pr\u00e9judice exceptionnel atypique \u00bb n\u2019ont pas convaincu.
En revanche, \u00e0 l\u2019appui de sa cassation, la Cour consid\u00e8re que le \u00ab pr\u00e9judice exceptionnel li\u00e9 \u00e0 la perte de chance d\u2019\u00eatre s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 et participer aux Jeux olympiques \u00bb ouvre droit \u00e0 r\u00e9paration. Pour cela, la perte de chance n\u2019a pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 \u00eatre \u00ab s\u00e9rieuse \u00bb, mais simplement \u00e9ventuelle. \u00c9nonc\u00e9e \u00e0 propos des Jeux olympiques, la solution interpelle quant \u00e0 son champ d\u2019application. Trouve-t-elle \u00e0 s\u2019appliquer seulement pour cette comp\u00e9tition (comment le justifier ?) ou \u00e9galement pour d\u2019autres \u00e9v\u00e8nements sportifs d\u2019importance ? Comment fixer ceux susceptibles d\u2019ouvrir droit \u00e0 indemnisation et les autres ?<\/p>

La quantification de pr\u00e9judices sportifs al\u00e9atoires<\/strong><\/h4>

Le pr\u00e9judice est indemnisable au titre de la perte de chance, ce qui invite \u00e0 s\u2019inter\u00adroger sur ses modalit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9valuation. Afin de d\u00e9nier toute indemnisation, la cour d\u2019appel avait relev\u00e9 que l\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e9 ne four\u00adnissait aucune explication permettant de penser qu\u2019il aurait pu avoir une progression l\u2019amenant jusqu\u2019aux Jeux olympiques. Le raisonnement est censur\u00e9, au motif que la chance perdue n\u2019a pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 \u00eatre s\u00e9rieuse. Soit, mais comment appr\u00e9cier l\u2019existence d\u2019une chance, m\u00eame infime, si ce n\u2019est en s\u2019int\u00e9ressant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution des performances sportives de l\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e9 et aux projections raisonnablement envisa\u00adgeables ? Il incombe en effet \u00e0 la victime de d\u00e9montrer la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 de ses chances de qualification olympique, tant pour \u00e9tablir le pr\u00e9judice, que pour le chiffrer. La solution pr\u00f4n\u00e9e par la Cour est manifestement d\u00e9li\u00adcate \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre.<\/p>

Xavier Aum\u00e9ran<\/a><\/h3>

[Civ. 2e, 25 mai 2022, no 20-16.351]<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pour un sportif, qu\u2019il soit un jeune en devenir ou un athl\u00e8te dont la carri\u00e8re a d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien d\u00e9but\u00e9, la poursuite de son activit\u00e9 au plus haut niveau est toujours incertaine. Dans…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":92,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_preview_token":"","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"yoast_head":"\nACTU | JURISPRUDENCE - "PERTE DE CHANCE DE PARTICIPER AUX JO : UN PREJUDICE INDEMNISABLE" - CDES<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=9472\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ACTU | JURISPRUDENCE - "PERTE DE CHANCE DE PARTICIPER AUX JO : UN PREJUDICE INDEMNISABLE" - CDES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pour un sportif, qu\u2019il soit un jeune en devenir ou un athl\u00e8te dont la carri\u00e8re a d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien d\u00e9but\u00e9, la poursuite de son activit\u00e9 au plus haut niveau est toujours incertaine. 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