{"id":6104,"date":"2016-06-24T08:47:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-24T06:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=6104"},"modified":"2021-10-18T11:19:08","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T09:19:08","slug":"actu-jurisprudence-homologation-et-entree-en-vigueur-du-contrat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=6104","title":{"rendered":"ACTU | JURISPRUDENCE : Homologation et entr\u00e9e en vigueur du contrat"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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L\u2019homologation des contrats de travail des sportifs, ainsi que les am\u00e9nagements contractuels de leur entr\u00e9e en vigueur, ne cessent de retenir l\u2019attention. Plusieurs d\u00e9cisions rendues au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021 l\u2019illustrent.<\/p>

Transmission pour homologation <\/strong><\/span><\/h1>

Dans un arr\u00eat non publi\u00e9 du 8 avril 2021, la chambre sociale a indiqu\u00e9 qu\u2019une fois le contrat de travail ou l\u2019avenant conclu, \u00ab c\u2019est au club qu\u2019il incombe de soumettre \u00e0 homo\u00adlogation ces conventions, contre-lettres, accords particuliers, modifications du contrat \u00bb (Soc. 8 avr. 2021, no 18-25.645, JS 2021, n\u00b0 220, p. 10, obs. X. Aumeran). \u00c0 d\u00e9faut, \u00ab le joueur ne peut se voir opposer un d\u00e9faut d\u2019homologation r\u00e9sultant de la carence du club dans l\u2019accomplissement de cette obli\u00adgation \u00bb. Cette solution est r\u00e9affirm\u00e9e par la Cour dans un arr\u00eat du 19 mai 2021 (Soc. 19 mai 2021, no 20-14.544). Celui-ci pr\u00e9cise que le club ne peut supputer de l\u2019issue qui aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9e par la ligue pour s\u2019exon\u00e9rer de son obligation de transmission.<\/p>

Incidence de l\u2019\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 <\/strong><\/span><\/h1>

Lors du recrutement d\u2019un sportif, l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du contrat est commun\u00e9ment subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 une absence de contre-indi\u00adcation \u00e0 la pratique du sport consid\u00e9r\u00e9. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une condition suspensive. Parfois, dans le rugby par exemple, il est \u00e9galement pr\u00e9vu que l\u2019aptitude \u00e0 la pratique est une condition d\u2019homologation du contrat de travail et, qu\u2019\u00e0 d\u00e9faut, celui-ci est d\u00e9pourvu d\u2019existence et d\u2019effet. Ces deux possibilit\u00e9s ne doivent pas \u00eatre confondues, ce que rappelle d\u2019ailleurs la chambre sociale dans l\u2019arr\u00eat du 19 mai 2021. La d\u00e9faillance de la condition suspensive se distingue de l\u2019absence d\u2019homologation.<\/p>

En ce sens, la solution retenue par la cour d\u2019appel de Paris dans sa d\u00e9cision du 17 juin 2021 est critiquable (no 18\/11051). Seul l\u2019avant-contrat conclu entre les parties pr\u00e9voyait une condition suspensive li\u00e9e au passage avec succ\u00e8s d\u2019un examen m\u00e9dical approfondi. Le contrat de travail se contentait d\u2019une condition suspensive li\u00e9e \u00e0 son homo\u00adlogation par la Ligue. Finalement, le joueur n\u2019est pas m\u00e9dicalement apte \u00e0 la pratique du rugby. Le club, ne sollicitant pas l\u2019homologa\u00adtion, en d\u00e9duit que le contrat \u00ab est annul\u00e9 \u00bb. La cour d\u2019appel consid\u00e8re que le contrat est \u00ab caduc et priv\u00e9 d\u2019effet \u00bb. De son avis, la condition suspensive (li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019homologation) \u00e9tait irr\u00e9alisable \u00ab du fait du refus du m\u00e9decin du club d\u2019\u00e9tablir le certificat m\u00e9dical \u00bb. Clause contractuelle et homologation sont ici m\u00e9lang\u00e9es. La solution est par ailleurs contraire \u00e0 celle pr\u00f4n\u00e9e par la chambre sociale dans son arr\u00eat du 19 mai 2021.<\/p>

Effets de l\u2019absence d\u2019homologation <\/strong><\/span><\/h1>

De longue date, les statuts du joueur et de la joueuse f\u00e9d\u00e9ral(e) de football pr\u00e9voient que tout contrat, avenant ou contre-lettre non homologu\u00e9 est nul et de nul effet. Sans m\u00eame s\u2019interroger sur la nature de ces r\u00e8glements f\u00e9d\u00e9raux, la chambre sociale en effectue une stricte application, afin de consid\u00e9rer qu\u2019un avenant non homologu\u00e9 est \u00ab nul \u00bb (Soc. 8 avr. 2021, no 18-22.012). La m\u00eame solution est retenue par la cour d\u2019appel de Rennes, s\u2019agissant d\u2019une joueuse (10 juin 2021, no 18\/04697). Le \u00ab statut de la joueuse f\u00e9d\u00e9rale \u00bb a \u00ab valeur de convention collective sectorielle au sens de la conven\u00adtion collective du sport \u00bb (!). La nullit\u00e9 du contrat de travail doit se d\u00e9duire de l\u2019absence d\u2019homologation.<\/p>

Aussi, un r\u00e8glement d\u2019une f\u00e9d\u00e9ration spor\u00adtive serait en mesure de pr\u00e9voir la nullit\u00e9 d\u2019un contrat de travail ou d\u2019un avenant en l\u2019absence d\u2019homologation. Cette solution est tr\u00e8s critiquable. Fort heureusement, d\u00e9sormais, l\u2019article L. 222-2-6 du code du sport r\u00e9serve \u00e0 \u00ab une convention ou un accord collectif national \u00bb la d\u00e9termi\u00adnation des \u00ab conditions dans lesquelles l\u2019absence d\u2019homologation du contrat peut faire obstacle \u00e0 son entr\u00e9e en vigueur \u00bb. Par ailleurs, en cas de commencement d\u2019ex\u00e9\u00adcution, le contrat ne peut plus \u00eatre an\u00e9anti (Soc. 19 mai 2021, no 20-14.544).<\/p>

Xavier Aumeran<\/a><\/h4>

[Soc. 8 avr. 2021, n\u00b0 18-22.012 ; Soc. 19 mai 2021, n\u00b0 20-14.544 ; Rennes, 10 juin 2021, n\u00b0 18\/04697 ; Paris, 17 juin 2021, n\u00b0 18\/11051]<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019homologation des contrats de travail des sportifs, ainsi que les am\u00e9nagements contractuels de leur entr\u00e9e en vigueur, ne cessent de retenir l\u2019attention. Plusieurs d\u00e9cisions rendues au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021 l\u2019illustrent.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":92,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_preview_token":"","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[91,224,227,68,225,59,93,226],"class_list":["post-6104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classifiee","tag-actualite","tag-contrat","tag-contrat-de-travail","tag-droit-du-sport","tag-homologation","tag-jurisport","tag-jurisprudence","tag-sportifs"],"yoast_head":"\nACTU | JURISPRUDENCE : Homologation et entr\u00e9e en vigueur du contrat - CDES<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=6104\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ACTU | JURISPRUDENCE : Homologation et entr\u00e9e en vigueur du contrat - CDES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019homologation des contrats de travail des sportifs, ainsi que les am\u00e9nagements contractuels de leur entr\u00e9e en vigueur, ne cessent de retenir l\u2019attention. 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