{"id":5770,"date":"2016-06-24T14:09:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-24T12:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=5770"},"modified":"2021-09-17T10:19:36","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T08:19:36","slug":"actu-economie-2011-2020-lheure-du-bilan-pour-les-transferts-internationaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=5770","title":{"rendered":"ACTU | \u00c9CONOMIE : 2011-2020 : L’HEURE DU BILAN POUR LES TRANSFERTS INTERNATIONAUX"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Mis en place en 2010 par la FIFA, le Transfer Matching System<\/em> (TMS)<\/em> est devenu, d\u00e8s l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, l\u2019instrument obligatoire d\u2019enregistrement des transferts internationaux des joueurs de football. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cet outil, l\u2019instance mondiale dispose d\u2019une vue exhaustive de l\u2019ensemble des transferts internationaux depuis 2011. Sur la base des donn\u00e9es renseign\u00e9es dans l\u2019outil, la FIFA vient de publier un rapport sur les transferts internationaux r\u00e9alis\u00e9s de 2011 \u00e0 2020. Partant de la d\u00e9finition d\u2019un transfert international (une migration d\u2019un joueur d\u2019une association membre de la FIFA \u00e0 une autre), deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de cadrage doivent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s. D\u2019une part, si dans le langage courant on parle de transfert presque exclusivement pour les transferts payants, en termes r\u00e9glementaires, un transfert implique que l\u2019enregistrement du joueur change de club : avec indemnit\u00e9s ou non, en cours de contrat ou non, en pr\u00eat (d\u00e9part ou retour) ou dans le cadre d\u2019un transfert permanent. D\u2019autre part, les transferts domestiques, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire entre deux clubs d\u2019une m\u00eame association, ne sont pas \u00e9tudi\u00e9s. Ainsi, le cas r\u00e9cent de Jack Grealish transf\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u2019Aston Villa \u00e0 Manchester City ne fait pas partie des transferts analys\u00e9s dans ce rapport.<\/p>

Un march\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et en croissance<\/span><\/h1>

Entre 2011 et 2020, ce sont 133 225 transferts internationaux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s, impliquant 66 789 joueurs professionnels et 8 264 clubs. Le nombre de transferts (hors retour de pr\u00eat) a augment\u00e9 de 50% entre 2011 et 2019 (de 11 009 \u00e0 16 519). Parmi ceux-ci, la part des transferts avec indemnit\u00e9s est pass\u00e9e de 14,4% \u00e0 16,3% sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode. L\u2019augmentation du nombre des transferts avec indemnit\u00e9s combin\u00e9e avec l\u2019augmentation des montants (l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 m\u00e9diane est pass\u00e9e de 300 000 dollars en 2011 \u00e0 379 000 dollars en 2020) implique une forte augmentation du total des sommes d\u00e9pens\u00e9es en indemnit\u00e9s: de 2,85 milliards en 2011 \u00e0 7,35 milliards de dollars en 2019 (multiplication par 2,6) avant une baisse \u00e0 5,63 milliards de dollars en 2020 du fait du covid. Sur les 10 ans consid\u00e9r\u00e9s, ce sont 48,5 milliards qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pens\u00e9s par les clubs en indemnit\u00e9s de transfert.<\/p>

Un march\u00e9 mondial mais concentr\u00e9<\/span><\/h1>

Pour analyser la dimension mondiale du march\u00e9, deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s. En premier lieu, on peut s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 des joueurs transf\u00e9r\u00e9s. Sur le top 30 des nationalit\u00e9s les plus transf\u00e9r\u00e9es, 17 sont europ\u00e9ennes, 5 africaines, 5 sud-am\u00e9ricaines, 2 asiatiques et 1 nord-am\u00e9ricaine. La premi\u00e8re nationalit\u00e9 repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e est, de tr\u00e8s loin, la nationalit\u00e9 br\u00e9silienne (15 128 transferts) suivie de la nationalit\u00e9 argentine (7 444 transferts). Aussi, l\u2019analyse par club souligne la position dominante des clubs europ\u00e9ens dans les routes migratoires. Par exemple, les clubs anglais et italiens sont de gros acheteurs nets de joueurs, les championnats fran\u00e7ais, portugais et br\u00e9siliens sont des \u00ab tremplins \u00bb et permettent de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des balances de transfert positives.<\/p>

Un march\u00e9 en question<\/span><\/h1>

La FIFA tire un triste constat concernant les indemnit\u00e9s de formation puisque le montant total de ces contributions est revenu en 2020 \u00e0 son niveau de 2011 (38 millions de dollars) apr\u00e8s un pic \u00e0 68 millions de dollars en 2018. Ces r\u00e9sultats contrastent fortement avec l\u2019\u00e9volution du montant des commissions vers\u00e9es aux agents, qui est pass\u00e9 de 131,1 millions de dollars en 2011 \u00e0 640,5 millions de dollars en 2019. Sur la d\u00e9cennie, les r\u00e9compenses de formations (contributions de solidarit\u00e9 et indemnit\u00e9s de formation) ont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un total d\u2019environ 700 millions de dollars alors que les commissions d\u2019agents ont atteint 3,5 milliards de dollars. Un \u00e9tat de fait qui a probablement fond\u00e9 la volont\u00e9 de la FIFA de bouleverser ces \u00e9quilibres et de revoir l\u2019ordre des priorit\u00e9s en travaillant activement sur une r\u00e9forme du march\u00e9 des transferts.<\/p>

Maxence FRANCESCHI<\/a><\/h4>

[https:\/\/www.fifa.com]<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mis en place en 2010 par la FIFA, le Transfer Matching System (TMS) est devenu, d\u00e8s l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, l\u2019instrument obligatoire d\u2019enregistrement des transferts internationaux des joueurs de football. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cet outil,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":92,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_preview_token":"","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[91,190,70,187,40,122,189,188],"class_list":["post-5770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classifiee","tag-actualite","tag-analyse","tag-economie-du-sport","tag-fifa","tag-football","tag-international","tag-mercato","tag-transferts"],"yoast_head":"\nACTU | \u00c9CONOMIE : 2011-2020 : L'HEURE DU BILAN POUR LES TRANSFERTS INTERNATIONAUX - CDES<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=5770\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ACTU | \u00c9CONOMIE : 2011-2020 : L'HEURE DU BILAN POUR LES TRANSFERTS INTERNATIONAUX - CDES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mis en place en 2010 par la FIFA, le Transfer Matching System (TMS) est devenu, d\u00e8s l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, l\u2019instrument obligatoire d\u2019enregistrement des transferts internationaux des joueurs de football. 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