{"id":5415,"date":"2016-06-24T14:09:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-24T12:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=5415"},"modified":"2021-06-25T09:00:51","modified_gmt":"2021-06-25T07:00:51","slug":"actu-jurisprudence-article-l-212-9-code-sport-conforme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=5415","title":{"rendered":"ACTU | JURISPRUDENCE : L\u2019article L. 212-9 du code du sport est conforme"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Il y a trois mois, dans ces m\u00eames colonnes, nous signalions un arr\u00eat du Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat qui \u00e9tait susceptible de remettre en cause le r\u00e9gime des incapacit\u00e9s d\u2019exercice applicable aux \u00e9ducateurs spor\u00adtifs (CE 12 f\u00e9vr. 2021, no 443673, JS 2021, no 2017, p. 8). Dans cet arr\u00eat, le Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat avait jug\u00e9 en effet recevable une question prio\u00adritaire de constitutionnalit\u00e9 portant sur la conformit\u00e9 aux droits et libert\u00e9s garantis par la Constitution du 7\u00b0 de l\u2019article L. 212-9 du code du sport. Mais le Conseil constitu\u00adtionnel, saisi de cette question, a finalement jug\u00e9 ce texte conforme \u00e0 la Constitution. Pour rappel, l\u2019article en question pr\u00e9voit que nul ne peut exercer les fonctions vis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019article L. 212-1 du code du sport (ensei\u00adgnement, animation, encadrement d\u2019une activit\u00e9 physique ou sportive ou entra\u00eene\u00adment de ses pratiquants), \u00e0 titre r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9 ou b\u00e9n\u00e9vole, s\u2019il a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une condam\u00adnation pour certaines infractions p\u00e9nales, et en particulier pour les d\u00e9lits pr\u00e9vus aux articles L. 235-1 et L. 235-3 du code de la route (conduite \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un usage de substances ou plantes class\u00e9es comme stup\u00e9fiants ; refus de se soumettre, lors d\u2019un contr\u00f4le routier, \u00e0 une \u00e9preuve de d\u00e9pistage permettant d\u2019\u00e9tablir cet usage).<\/p>

En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, un \u00e9ducateur sportif s\u2019\u00e9tait vu retirer sa carte professionnelle apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 pour conduite sous l\u2019emprise de cannabis. Il reprochait aux dispositions du code du sport susvis\u00e9es, d\u2019une part, de soumettre la profession d\u2019\u00e9ducateur sportif \u00e0 une obligation d\u2019honorabilit\u00e9 et, d\u2019autre part, d\u2019instituer, en cas de condamnation pour un tel d\u00e9lit, une incapacit\u00e9 profession\u00adnelle d\u00e9finitive ne prenant en compte ni la gravit\u00e9 des faits incrimin\u00e9s, ni les conditions d\u2019exercice des fonctions de la personne condamn\u00e9e, de sorte qu\u2019il en r\u00e9sulterait selon lui une atteinte injustifi\u00e9e et dispro\u00adportionn\u00e9e \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019entreprendre.<\/p>

Dans sa d\u00e9cision, le Conseil constitutionnel rappelle tout d\u2019abord que le l\u00e9gislateur peut apporter \u00e0 cette libert\u00e9, qui d\u00e9coule de l\u2019article 4 de la D\u00e9claration des droits de l\u2019homme et du citoyen de 1789, des limita\u00adtions li\u00e9es \u00e0 des exigences constitutionnelles ou justifi\u00e9es par l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, \u00e0 la condi\u00adtion qu\u2019il n\u2019en r\u00e9sulte pas d\u2019atteinte dispro\u00adportionn\u00e9e au regard de l\u2019objectif poursuivi.<\/p>

Or, en l\u2019occurrence, si l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 est automatiquement prononc\u00e9e par l\u2019auto\u00adrit\u00e9 administrative comp\u00e9tente (le pr\u00e9fet) sur le constat d\u2019une condamnation pour ces infractions au bulletin no 2 du casier judiciaire, il existe n\u00e9anmoins des \u00ab garde-fous \u00bb qui permettent, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le Conseil constitutionnel, de consid\u00e9rer que la restric\u00adtion apport\u00e9e \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019entreprendre n\u2019est pas excessive au regard de l\u2019objectif poursuivi par le l\u00e9gislateur, \u00e0 savoir garantir l\u2019\u00e9thique des enseignants sportifs en raison de l\u2019influence qu\u2019ils peuvent exercer sur les pratiquants sportifs.<\/p>

Les sages de la rue de Montpensier rel\u00e8vent ainsi qu\u2019en application de l\u2019article 775-1 du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale, le juge peut exclure la mention de cette condamnation au bulletin no 2 soit \u00e0 l\u2019occasion du juge\u00adment, soit par un jugement rendu post\u00e9\u00adrieurement sur une requ\u00eate du condamn\u00e9 form\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019issue d\u2019un d\u00e9lai de six mois apr\u00e8s cette condamnation. Cette exclusion emporte alors rel\u00e8vement de toutes les inca\u00adpacit\u00e9s de quelque nature qu\u2019elles soient r\u00e9sultant de la condamnation.<\/p>

Ils rel\u00e8vent par ailleurs qu\u2019apr\u00e8s un d\u00e9lai, selon les cas et hors r\u00e9cidive, de trois ou cinq ans, les personnes condamn\u00e9es peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une r\u00e9habilitation de plein droit pr\u00e9vue aux articles 133-12 et suivants du code p\u00e9nal ou encore d\u2019une r\u00e9habilitation judiciaire pr\u00e9vue aux articles 785 et suivants du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale. Cette r\u00e9habilitation, l\u00e0 encore, efface les incapacit\u00e9s d\u2019exercice qui r\u00e9sultent de la condamnation.<\/p>

La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision du juge constitu\u00adtionnel va bien au-del\u00e0 du seul r\u00e9gime des incapacit\u00e9s propres aux \u00e9ducateurs sportifs. En effet, les dispositions du code p\u00e9nal et du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale mentionn\u00e9es ci-dessus \u00e9tant des dispositions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, le raisonnement du Conseil constitutionnel est assur\u00e9ment transposable aux r\u00e9gimes d\u2019incapacit\u00e9 d\u2019exercice visant d\u2019autres professions. On pense notamment, pour rester dans la sph\u00e8re du sport, \u00e0 celui appli\u00adcable aux agents sportifs en vertu de l\u2019article L. 222-11 du code du sport.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Franck LAGARDE<\/a><\/h4>

[Cons. Const. 7 mai 2021, n\u00b0 2021-904, QPC]<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Il y a trois mois, dans ces m\u00eames colonnes, nous signalions un arr\u00eat du Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat qui \u00e9tait susceptible de remettre en cause le r\u00e9gime des incapacit\u00e9s d\u2019exercice applicable aux \u00e9ducateurs spor\u00adtifs…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":92,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_preview_token":"","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[91,36,93],"class_list":["post-5415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classifiee","tag-actualite","tag-code-du-sport","tag-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nACTU | JURISPRUDENCE : L\u2019article L. 212-9 du code du sport est conforme - 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