{"id":10180,"date":"2019-01-31T15:24:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-31T14:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=10180"},"modified":"2023-01-31T15:34:07","modified_gmt":"2023-01-31T14:34:07","slug":"actu-jurisprudence-transmission-tardive-du-cdd-au-salarie-quelles-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdes.fr\/?p=10180","title":{"rendered":"ACTU | JURISPRUDENCE : Transmission tardive du CDD au salari\u00e9 : quelles cons\u00e9quences ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Les articles L. 1242-13 du code du travail et L. 1245-1 du m\u00eame code, dans sa r\u00e9daction ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l\u2019ordonnance no 2017-1387 du 22 septembre 2017 (l\u2019une des ordonnances \u00ab Macron \u00bb), \u00e9noncent que le contrat de travail \u00e0 dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e (CDD) doit \u00eatre transmis au salari\u00e9 au plus tard dans les deux jours ouvrables suivant l\u2019embauche et que le non-respect de cette formalit\u00e9 est sanctionn\u00e9 par une requalification en contrat de travail \u00e0 dur\u00e9e ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e (CDI).<\/p>

Dans l\u2019affaire signal\u00e9e, la Cour de cassation vient rappeler, au visa de ces dispositions, que la sanction de requalification en CDI ne peut \u00eatre sollicit\u00e9e, sauf fraude, que par le salari\u00e9 lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>

Un joueur de rugby professionnel est employ\u00e9 en CDD par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 USAL rugby, club \u00e9voluant alors en F\u00e9d\u00e9rale 1, pour la p\u00e9riode du 4 juillet 2017 au 30 juin 2018. Le 11 avril 2018, le tribunal de commerce ouvre une proc\u00e9dure de redressement judiciaire \u00e0 l\u2019encontre du club, proc\u00e9dure convertie en liquidation judiciaire par un jugement du 13 juin 2018. Le lendemain, le liquidateur notifie au joueur la rupture anticip\u00e9e de son contrat de travail. Le joueur saisi alors le conseil de prud\u2019hommes de Limoges afin de voir fixer au passif de son employeur diverses indemnit\u00e9s, notamment des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats pour rupture abusive de son contrat, la liquidation judiciaire de l\u2019employeur ne constituant pas un cas de rupture anticip\u00e9e du CDD pr\u00e9vu par l\u2019article L. 1243-1 du code du travail.<\/p>

La cour d\u2019appel de Limoges, dans un arr\u00eat du 8 mars 2021, estime que le CDD doit \u00eatre requalifi\u00e9 en CDI au motif qu\u2019il n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 transmis au salari\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9lai de deux jours ouvrables suivant son embauche, et que le joueur ne peut d\u00e8s lors pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 un d\u00e9dommagement au titre d\u2019une rupture abusive du CDD, mais seulement \u00e0 une indemnit\u00e9 de requalification (un mois de salaire) en application de l\u2019article L. 1245-2 du code du travail, \u00e0 une indemnit\u00e9 compensatrice de pr\u00e9avis (un mois de salaire) en application de l\u2019article L. 1234-5 du m\u00eame code et \u00e0 une indemnit\u00e9 de cong\u00e9s pay\u00e9s aff\u00e9rents.<\/p>

Cette d\u00e9cision est logiquement censur\u00e9e par la Cour de cassation qui rappelle que, sauf fraude \u00e0 la loi, seul le salari\u00e9 est en droit de solliciter la requalification de son CDD en CDI. Par cons\u00e9quent, les juges d\u2019appel ne pouvaient pas requalifier le contrat litigieux \u00e0 la demande du liquidateur judiciaire.
Statuant au fond, la haute Cour fixe ainsi au passif de la liquidation judiciaire une somme correspondant aux dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats pour rupture anticip\u00e9e du CDD, l\u2019assurance de garantie des salaires (AGS) \u00e9tant tenue de garantir cette somme.
Deux observations pour conclure.<\/p>

La premi\u00e8re pour souligner que, depuis l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur de l\u2019article L. 1245-1 du code du travail dans sa version issue de l\u2019ordonnance Macron du 22 septembre 2017, la transmission tardive du CDD au salari\u00e9 n\u2019est plus sanctionn\u00e9e par une requalification. Elle ouvre simplement droit, pour le salari\u00e9, \u00e0 une indemnit\u00e9 qui ne peut \u00eatre sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un mois de salaire. En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, le CDD ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu ant\u00e9rieurement, ces dispositions n\u2019\u00e9taient pas applicables.<\/p>

La seconde pour rappeler que, contrairement au principe pos\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019article L. 1245-1 du code du travail, l\u2019article L. 222-2-8 du code du sport pr\u00e9voit toujours la requalification en CDI en cas de transmission tardive du CDD dit \u00ab sp\u00e9cifique \u00bb, CDD auquel les clubs ont recours pour l\u2019emploi des sportifs et entra\u00eeneurs professionnels. La loi sp\u00e9ciale d\u00e9rogeant \u00e0 la loi g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, c\u2019est bien le code du sport qui, pour ces emplois, doit s\u2019appliquer. Ainsi, la transmission du CDD au plus tard dans les deux jours ouvrables suivant l\u2019embauche du joueur ou de l\u2019entra\u00eeneur demeure une formalit\u00e9 essentielle pour les clubs employeurs.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Franck LAGARDE<\/strong><\/h4>

[soc. 23 nov. 2022, no 21-16.221]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les articles L. 1242-13 du code du travail et L. 1245-1 du m\u00eame code, dans sa r\u00e9daction ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l\u2019ordonnance no 2017-1387 du 22 septembre 2017 (l\u2019une des ordonnances \u00ab Macron \u00bb),…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":92,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_preview_token":"","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"yoast_head":"\nACTU | JURISPRUDENCE : Transmission tardive du CDD au salari\u00e9 : quelles cons\u00e9quences ? 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